Artificial Intelligence in Agro-Food Systems: From Farm to Fork

The current landscape of the food processing industry places a strong emphasis on improving food quality, nutritional value, and processing techniques. This focus arises from consumer demand for products that adhere to high standards of quality, sensory characteristics, and extended shelf life. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies is instrumental in addressing the challenges associated with variability in food processing. AI represents a promising interdisciplinary approach for enhancing performance across various sectors of the food industry. Significant advancements have been made to address challenges and facilitate growth within the food sector. This review highlights the applications of AI in agriculture and various sectors of the food industry, including bakery, beverage, dairy, food safety, fruit and vegetable industries, packaging and sorting, and the drying of fresh foods. Various strategies have been implemented across different food sectors to promote advancements in technology. Additionally, this article explores the potential for advancing 3D printing technology to enhance various aspects of the food industry, from manufacturing to service, while also outlining future perspectives.