TY - JOUR
T1 - Episodic accretion and mergers during growth of massive protostars
AU - Elbakyan, Vardan
AU - Nayakshin, Sergei
AU - Meyer, Dominique M.A.
AU - Vorobyov, Eduard I.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the funding from the UK Science and Technologies Facilities Council, grant No. ST/S000453/1. EIV and VE acknowledge support of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780 (N13.1902.21.0039). This research used the ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester, and DiRA C Data Intensive service at Leicester, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility ( www.dirac.ac.uk).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - 3D simulations of high mass young stellar object (HMYSO) growth show that their circumstellar discs fragment on to multiple self-gravitating objects. Accretion of these by HMYSO may explain episodic accretion bursts discovered recently. We post-process results of a previous 3D simulation of a HMYSO disc with a 1D code that resolves the disc and object dynamics down to the stellar surface. We find that burst-like deposition of material into the inner disc seen in 3D simulations by itself does not always signify powerful accretion bursts. Only high density post-collapse clumps crossing the inner computational boundary may result in observable bursts. The rich physics of the inner disc has a significant impact on the expected accretion bursts: (1) in the standard turbulent viscosity discs, migrating objects can stall at a migration trap at the distance of a few au from the star. However, in discs powered by magnetized winds, the objects are able to cross the trap and produce bursts akin to those observed so far. (2) Migrating objects may interact with and modify the thermal (hydrogen ionization) instability of the inner disc, which can be responsible for longer duration and lower luminosity bursts in HMYSOs. (3) If the central star is bloated to a fraction of an au by a previous episode of high accretion rate, or if the migrating object is particularly dense, a merger rather than a disc-mediated accretion burst results; (4) Object disruption bursts may be super-Eddington, leading to episodic feedback on HMYSO surroundings via powerful outflows.
AB - 3D simulations of high mass young stellar object (HMYSO) growth show that their circumstellar discs fragment on to multiple self-gravitating objects. Accretion of these by HMYSO may explain episodic accretion bursts discovered recently. We post-process results of a previous 3D simulation of a HMYSO disc with a 1D code that resolves the disc and object dynamics down to the stellar surface. We find that burst-like deposition of material into the inner disc seen in 3D simulations by itself does not always signify powerful accretion bursts. Only high density post-collapse clumps crossing the inner computational boundary may result in observable bursts. The rich physics of the inner disc has a significant impact on the expected accretion bursts: (1) in the standard turbulent viscosity discs, migrating objects can stall at a migration trap at the distance of a few au from the star. However, in discs powered by magnetized winds, the objects are able to cross the trap and produce bursts akin to those observed so far. (2) Migrating objects may interact with and modify the thermal (hydrogen ionization) instability of the inner disc, which can be responsible for longer duration and lower luminosity bursts in HMYSOs. (3) If the central star is bloated to a fraction of an au by a previous episode of high accretion rate, or if the migrating object is particularly dense, a merger rather than a disc-mediated accretion burst results; (4) Object disruption bursts may be super-Eddington, leading to episodic feedback on HMYSO surroundings via powerful outflows.
KW - hydrodynamics
KW - protoplanetary discs
KW - stars: formation
KW - stars: massive
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85159350908&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stac3115
DO - 10.1093/mnras/stac3115
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85159350908
SN - 0035-8711
VL - 518
SP - 791
EP - 809
JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
IS - 1
ER -