Extracting spatial perception and knowledge via Structured Digital Sketch Maps: A Systematic literature review

Structured digital sketch maps are widely used in crowdsourcing to gather spatial insights. This method uses digital base-map platforms to capture different types of spatial data such as personal spatial perception and knowledge (SPK). Despite its potential, challenges in tool usability and data representation require balancing ease of use with effective depiction of subjective spatial information. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review explores SPK domains through digital sketch mapping, its representation in base-map applications, and subjective data quality assessment methods. The search yielded 5,822 references, with 220 studies meeting the inclusion criteria after cleaning and filtering. Analysis shows extensive use of this technique across various domains, most notably in assessing landscape values and ecosystem services. In built environments, this mapping technique prominently supports urban planning and development, focusing on accessibility, mobility, and urban infrastructure. In terms of data spatial representation, studies indicate a preference for using points (73%) despite their limitations in capturing dimensional attributes. The review identifies a significant gap in data quality reporting, with 35.5% addressing data quality assessment. Given the potential of structured digital sketch mapping, future research could examine diverse SPK representations or alternative mapping approaches and methods for assessing subjective data.