Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018

A. K. Steiner; F. Ladstädter; W. J. Randel; A. C. Maycock; Q. Fu; C. Claud; H. Gleisner; Leopold Haimberger; S.-P. Ho; P. Keckhut; T. Leblanc; C. Mears; L. Polvani; B. Santer; T. Schmidt; V. Sofieva; R. Wing; C.-Z. Zou

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1

Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018

A. K. Steiner
, F. Ladstädter
, W. J. Randel
, A. C. Maycock
, Q. Fu
, C. Claud
, H. Gleisner
, Leopold Haimberger
, S.-P. Ho
, P. Keckhut
, T. Leblanc
, C. Mears
, L. Polvani
, B. Santer
, T. Schmidt
, V. Sofieva
, R. Wing
, C.-Z. Zou

Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik

Veröffentlichungen: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Peer Reviewed

Abstract

Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies among datasets through major reprocessing efforts. The advent of radio occultation (RO) observations in 2001 has led to further improvements in vertically resolved temperature measurements, enabling a detailed analysis of upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere trends. This paper presents the current state of atmospheric temperature trends from the latest available observational records. We analyze observations from merged operational satellite measurements, radiosondes, lidars, and RO, spanning a vertical range from the lower troposphere to the upper stratosphere. The focus is on assessing climate trends and on identifying the degree of consistency among the observational systems. The results show a robust cooling of the stratosphere of about 1–3 K, and a robust warming of the troposphere of about 0.6–0.8 K over the last four decades (1979–2018). Consistent results are found between the satellite-based layer-average temperatures and vertically resolved radiosonde records. The overall latitude–altitude trend patterns are consistent between RO and radiosonde records. Significant warming of the troposphere is evident in the RO measurements available after 2001, with trends of 0.25–0.35 K per decade. Amplified warming in the tropical upper-troposphere compared to surface trends for 2002–18 is found based on RO and radiosonde records, in approximate agreement with moist adiabatic lapse rate theory. The consistency of trend results from the latest upper-air datasets will help to improve understanding of climate changes and their drivers.

Originalsprache	Englisch
Seiten (von - bis)	8165-8194
Seitenumfang	30
Fachzeitschrift	Journal of Climate
Jahrgang	33
Ausgabenummer	19
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1
Publikationsstatus	Veröffentlicht - 1 Okt. 2020

Fördermittel

Acknowledgments. The authors express their gratitude to SPARC for supporting the ATC activity in their work described in this article. These activities have been undertaken under the guidance and sponsorship of the World Climate Research Programme. We acknowledge the groups at NOAA/STAR, RSS, and UAH who have produced and made available the satellite temperature data sets used in this study. We acknowledge UCAR/CDAAC (Boulder, CO, United States) for providing access to RO phase, orbit data, and temperature data, as well as to ECMWF (Reading, United Kingdom) for giving access to analysis and forecast data. We also thank the WEGC EOPAC team for providing the OPSv5.6 RO data, and the ROM SAF team for providing the ROM SAF CDR v1. The lidar data used in this publication were obtained from the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU) as part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). The GloSSAC data set was obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. We acknowledge FU Berlin (Berlin, Germany) for providing Singapore wind data. For C.-Z. Zou, the views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). Q. Fu was supported by the NASA grant 80NSSC18K1031. L. Haimberger was supported by FWF grant P28818-N29 and EU 7FP grant 607029 (ERACLIM2). A.K. Steiner and F. Ladst\u00E4dter were funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under research grant P27724-NBL (VERTICLIM), and by the FFG-ALR project ATROMSAF1(ASAP-13859771).

UN SDGs

Dieser Output leistet einen Beitrag zu folgendem(n) Ziel(en) für nachhaltige Entwicklung

SDG 13 – Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz

ÖFOS 2012

105204 Klimatologie

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Zitationsweisen

Steiner, A. K., Ladstädter, F., Randel, W. J., Maycock, A. C., Fu, Q., Claud, C., Gleisner, H., Haimberger, L., Ho, S.-P., Keckhut, P., Leblanc, T., Mears, C., Polvani, L., Santer, B., Schmidt, T., Sofieva, V., Wing, R., & Zou, C.-Z. (2020). Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018. Journal of Climate, 33(19), 8165-8194. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1

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title = "Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018",

abstract = "Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies among datasets through major reprocessing efforts. The advent of radio occultation (RO) observations in 2001 has led to further improvements in vertically resolved temperature measurements, enabling a detailed analysis of upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere trends. This paper presents the current state of atmospheric temperature trends from the latest available observational records. We analyze observations from merged operational satellite measurements, radiosondes, lidars, and RO, spanning a vertical range from the lower troposphere to the upper stratosphere. The focus is on assessing climate trends and on identifying the degree of consistency among the observational systems. The results show a robust cooling of the stratosphere of about 1–3 K, and a robust warming of the troposphere of about 0.6–0.8 K over the last four decades (1979–2018). Consistent results are found between the satellite-based layer-average temperatures and vertically resolved radiosonde records. The overall latitude–altitude trend patterns are consistent between RO and radiosonde records. Significant warming of the troposphere is evident in the RO measurements available after 2001, with trends of 0.25–0.35 K per decade. Amplified warming in the tropical upper-troposphere compared to surface trends for 2002–18 is found based on RO and radiosonde records, in approximate agreement with moist adiabatic lapse rate theory. The consistency of trend results from the latest upper-air datasets will help to improve understanding of climate changes and their drivers.",

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Steiner, AK, Ladstädter, F, Randel, WJ, Maycock, AC, Fu, Q, Claud, C, Gleisner, H, Haimberger, L, Ho, S-P, Keckhut, P, Leblanc, T, Mears, C, Polvani, L, Santer, B, Schmidt, T, Sofieva, V, Wing, R & Zou, C-Z 2020, 'Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018', Journal of Climate, Jg. 33, Nr. 19, S. 8165-8194. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0998.1

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AU - Steiner, A. K.

AU - Ladstädter, F.

AU - Randel, W. J.

AU - Maycock, A. C.

AU - Fu, Q.

AU - Claud, C.

AU - Gleisner, H.

AU - Haimberger, Leopold

AU - Ho, S.-P.

AU - Keckhut, P.

AU - Leblanc, T.

AU - Mears, C.

AU - Polvani, L.

AU - Santer, B.

AU - Schmidt, T.

AU - Sofieva, V.

AU - Wing, R.

AU - Zou, C.-Z.

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Y1 - 2020/10/1

N2 - Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies among datasets through major reprocessing efforts. The advent of radio occultation (RO) observations in 2001 has led to further improvements in vertically resolved temperature measurements, enabling a detailed analysis of upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere trends. This paper presents the current state of atmospheric temperature trends from the latest available observational records. We analyze observations from merged operational satellite measurements, radiosondes, lidars, and RO, spanning a vertical range from the lower troposphere to the upper stratosphere. The focus is on assessing climate trends and on identifying the degree of consistency among the observational systems. The results show a robust cooling of the stratosphere of about 1–3 K, and a robust warming of the troposphere of about 0.6–0.8 K over the last four decades (1979–2018). Consistent results are found between the satellite-based layer-average temperatures and vertically resolved radiosonde records. The overall latitude–altitude trend patterns are consistent between RO and radiosonde records. Significant warming of the troposphere is evident in the RO measurements available after 2001, with trends of 0.25–0.35 K per decade. Amplified warming in the tropical upper-troposphere compared to surface trends for 2002–18 is found based on RO and radiosonde records, in approximate agreement with moist adiabatic lapse rate theory. The consistency of trend results from the latest upper-air datasets will help to improve understanding of climate changes and their drivers.

AB - Temperature observations of the upper-air atmosphere are now available for more than 40 years from both ground- and satellite-based observing systems. Recent years have seen substantial improvements in reducing long-standing discrepancies among datasets through major reprocessing efforts. The advent of radio occultation (RO) observations in 2001 has led to further improvements in vertically resolved temperature measurements, enabling a detailed analysis of upper-troposphere/lower-stratosphere trends. This paper presents the current state of atmospheric temperature trends from the latest available observational records. We analyze observations from merged operational satellite measurements, radiosondes, lidars, and RO, spanning a vertical range from the lower troposphere to the upper stratosphere. The focus is on assessing climate trends and on identifying the degree of consistency among the observational systems. The results show a robust cooling of the stratosphere of about 1–3 K, and a robust warming of the troposphere of about 0.6–0.8 K over the last four decades (1979–2018). Consistent results are found between the satellite-based layer-average temperatures and vertically resolved radiosonde records. The overall latitude–altitude trend patterns are consistent between RO and radiosonde records. Significant warming of the troposphere is evident in the RO measurements available after 2001, with trends of 0.25–0.35 K per decade. Amplified warming in the tropical upper-troposphere compared to surface trends for 2002–18 is found based on RO and radiosonde records, in approximate agreement with moist adiabatic lapse rate theory. The consistency of trend results from the latest upper-air datasets will help to improve understanding of climate changes and their drivers.

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ER -

Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018

Abstract

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UN SDGs

ÖFOS 2012

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