The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model: an update

Veröffentlichungen: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Review › Peer Reviewed

Abstract

We present the current Standard Model (SM) prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment, aμ, updating the first White Paper (WP20) [1]. The pure QED and electroweak contributions have been further consolidated, while hadronic contributions continue to be responsible for the bulk of the uncertainty of the SM prediction. Significant progress has been achieved in the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution using both the data-driven dispersive approach as well as lattice-QCD calculations, leading to a reduction of the uncertainty by almost a factor of two. The most important development since WP20 is the change in the estimate of the leading-order hadronic-vacuum-polarization (LO HVP) contribution. A new measurement of the e+e−→π+π− cross section by CMD-3 has increased the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution to a level that makes it impossible to combine the results in a meaningful way. At the same time, the attainable precision of lattice-QCD calculations has increased substantially and allows for a consolidated lattice-QCD average of the LO HVP contribution with a precision of about 0.9%. Adopting the latter in this update has resulted in a major upward shift of the total SM prediction, which now reads aμSM=116592033(62)×10−11 (530ppb). When compared against the current experimental average based on the E821 experiment and runs 1–6 of E989 at Fermilab, one finds aμexp−aμSM=38(63)×10−11, which implies that there is no tension between the SM and experiment at the current level of precision. The final precision of E989 (127 ppb) is the target of future efforts by the Theory Initiative. The resolution of the tensions among data-driven dispersive evaluations of the LO HVP contribution will be a key element in this endeavor.
OriginalspracheEnglisch
Seiten (von - bis)1-158
Seitenumfang158
FachzeitschriftPhysics Reports
Jahrgang1143
DOIs
PublikationsstatusVeröffentlicht - 2 Nov. 2025

Fördermittel

The work in this paper was supported in part by the Agence nationale pour la recherche (French National Research Agency, ANR) under contract ANR-22-CE31-0011 “HVP4NewPhys”, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grant DOI 10.55776/PAT2089624 , 10.55776/PAT7221623 , 10.55776/I3845 , and the Doctoral Program Particles and Interactions , grant DOI 10.55776/W1252 , by Beatriz-Galindo support, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain , by CNPq (Brazilian Agency) grant no. 308979/2021-4 , by CNRS , by Conacyt, Mexico , by ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by European Union – NextGenerationEU , by Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico , grant 4.10, SECIHTI (Mexico), project CBF2023-2024-3544 , by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation, DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA EXC 2118/1) funded within the German Excellence strategy (project no. 39083149 ), through the Collaborative Research Center 1660 “Hadrons and Nuclei as Discovery Tools”, through the Research Unit FOR5327 “Photon–photon interactions in the Standard Model and beyond: Exploiting the discovery potential from MESA to the LHC” (grant 458854507 ), through the Emmy Noether program (grant 449369623 ), through project HI 2048/1-3 (project no. 399400745 ), by the ERC grant MUON-101054515 , by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101106243 , grant no. 824093 (H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1), and grant agreement no. 858199 (INTENSE), through the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking computing time allocated under grant EHPC-REG-2022R03-166, by the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University – A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d’Avenir” program, through the Chaire d’Excellence program ( AMX-22-RE-AB-052 ) and via grant AMX-22-RE-AB-052 “AMUalphaNP”, by FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) grant nos. 2021/06756-6 , 2020/15532-1 , and 2022/02328-2 , by FEDER UE through grants PID2023-147112NB-C21 , through the “Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-2023” award to the Institute of Cosmos Sciences , grant CEX2019-000918-M , by Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR), Spain through grants 2021SGR01095 and 2021SGR00649 , by the Serra Húnter program, through the “PROMETEO” program grant CIPROM/2022/66 , by Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) through the plan GenT program ( CIDEIG/2023/12 ), through the “PROMETEO” program grant PROMETEO/2021/07 , by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy , through research projects ENP (Exploring New Physics) and LQCD123, by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under grant nos. KAKENHI-16K05338 , 20H05646 , 20K03646 , 20K03926 , 20K03960 , 20H05625 , L23530 , 22K21350 , by Junta de Andalucía, Spain grant nos. POSTDOC_21_00136 and P18-FR-5057 , by the Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom , LIP-2021-014 (UK), by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) and the European Union (EU) – Next Generation EU, Mission 4, Component 1, PRIN 2022 , CUP F53D23001480006 , research project 2022TJFCYB – Nonperturbative aspects of fundamental interactions, in the Standard Model and beyond, by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e Ricerca (MUR) and European Union – Next Generation EU through the research grant 2022ENJMRS under the program PRIN 2022, by the Italian Ministero dell’Università e Ricerca (MUR) and European Union – Next Generation EU through the research grant no. 20225X52RA “MUS4GM2: Muon Scattering for ” under the program Prin 2022, by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by Spanish “Agencia Estatal de Investigación”, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 , through grant nos. PID2023-151418NB-I00 , PID2020-114473GB-I00 , PID2023-146220NB-I00 , PID2020-114767GB-I00 , PID2023-147072NB-I00 , and CEX2023-001292-S , by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) grants PID2022-140440NB-C22 , PID2023-146142NB-I00 , by the Spanish MICIU (Ramon Cajal program RYC2019-027605-I and project PID2022-136510NB-C31 ), by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant no. 12125501 , by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada , by the “Rita Levi Montalcini” program for young researchers of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), The Royal Society ( URF/R1/231503 ), by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland under grant nos. 200020_200553 , 200020_208222 , 200021_175761 , PCEFP2_181117 , PCEFP2_194272 , TMCG-2_213690 , 200020_207386 , Ambizione program (grant PZ00P2_193383 ), by SECIHTI (Mexico) , project CBF2023-2024-3226 , by the UK Research and Innovation, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council , grant no. EP/X021971/1 , by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant nos. ST/S000925/ , ST/T000600/1 , ST/T000988/1 , ST/X000494/1 , ST/X000699/1 , and ST/Y509759/1 , by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under award nos. DE-SC0010005 , DE-SC0010120 , DE-SC0010339 , DE-SC0015655 , DE-SC0013682 , DE-SC0021147 , and the “High Energy Physics Computing Traineeship for Lattice Gauge Theory” DE-SC0024053 , by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under award no. DE-FG02-00ER41132 , and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant nos. PHY20-13064 , PHY23-10571 , PHY-2309135 (to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, KITP), OAC-2311430. This document was prepared in part using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under United States Department of Energy contract no. 89243024CSC000002. We thank KEK for hosting the seventh plenary workshop [77] . This workshop was supported in part by KEK Theory Center, KEK Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, the Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute and Flavor Physics International research center in Nagoya University, and the U.S.–Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. We also thank the Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Foundation, which generously supported the participation of early career scientists at the Simon Eidelman School on Muon Dipole Moments and Hadronic Effects. The school was organized at the Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute in Nagoya during the week preceding the seventh plenary workshop. We thank The University of Edinburgh for hosting the fifth plenary workshop [75]. This workshop was supported by the Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology (UKRI grant ST/T001011/1), UKLFT (UKRI grant ST/T000813/1), and STRONG-2020. This workshop was also sponsored by Eviden (formerly ATOS), NVIDIA, and StorJ. STRONG-2020 is a project part of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program with grant agreement no. 824093. We thank the University of Bern for hosting the sixth plenary workshop [76]. This workshop was supported in part by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_200553, 200021_200866, PCEFP2_181117, and PCEFP2_194272). We thank KEK for hosting the seventh plenary workshop [77]. This workshop was supported in part by KEK Theory Center, KEK Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, the Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute and Flavor Physics International research center in Nagoya University, and the U.S.–Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics. We also thank the Wilhelm and Else Heraeus Foundation, which generously supported the participation of early career scientists at the Simon Eidelman School on Muon Dipole Moments and Hadronic Effects. The school was organized at the Kobayashi–Maskawa Institute in Nagoya during the week preceding the seventh plenary workshop. We thank M. Petschlies for discussions. The work in this paper was supported in part by the Agence nationale pour la recherche (French National Research Agency, ANR) under contract ANR-22-CE31-0011 “HVP4NewPhys”, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grant DOI 10.55776/PAT2089624, 10.55776/PAT7221623, 10.55776/I3845, and the Doctoral Program Particles and Interactions, grant DOI 10.55776/W1252, by Beatriz-Galindo support, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain, by CNPq (Brazilian Agency) grant no.308979/2021-4, by CNRS, by Conacyt, Mexico, by ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing, funded by European Union – NextGenerationEU, by Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico, grant 4.10, SECIHTI (Mexico), project CBF2023-2024-3544, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation, DFG) through the Cluster of Excellence “Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter” (PRISMA+ EXC 2118/1) funded within the German Excellence strategy (project no. 39083149), through the Collaborative Research Center 1660 “Hadrons and Nuclei as Discovery Tools”, through the Research Unit FOR5327 “Photon–photon interactions in the Standard Model and beyond: Exploiting the discovery potential from MESA to the LHC” (grant 458854507), through the Emmy Noether program (grant 449369623), through project HI 2048/1-3 (project no. 399400745), by the ERC grant MUON-101054515, by the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 101106243, grant no. 824093 (H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1), and grant agreement no. 858199 (INTENSE), through the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking computing time allocated under grant EHPC-REG-2022R03-166, by the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University – A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d'Avenir” program, through the Chaire d'Excellence program (AMX-22-RE-AB-052) and via grant AMX-22-RE-AB-052 “AMUalphaNP”, by FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation) grant nos. 2021/06756-6, 2020/15532-1, and 2022/02328-2, by FEDER UE through grants PID2023-147112NB-C21, through the “Unit of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-2023” award to the Institute of Cosmos Sciences, grant CEX2019-000918-M, by Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR), Spain through grants 2021SGR01095 and 2021SGR00649, by the Serra Húnter program, through the “PROMETEO” program grant CIPROM/2022/66, by Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) through the plan GenT program (CIDEIG/2023/12), through the “PROMETEO” program grant PROMETEO/2021/07, by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy, through research projects ENP (Exploring New Physics) and LQCD123, by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under grant nos. KAKENHI-16K05338, 20H05646, 20K03646, 20K03926, 20K03960, 20H05625, L23530, 22K21350, by Junta de Andalucía, Spain grant nos. POSTDOC_21_00136 and P18-FR-5057, by the Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom, LIP-2021-014 (UK), by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) and the European Union (EU) – Next Generation EU, Mission 4, Component 1, PRIN 2022, CUP F53D23001480006, research project 2022TJFCYB – Nonperturbative aspects of fundamental interactions, in the Standard Model and beyond, by the Italian Ministero dell'Università e Ricerca (MUR) and European Union – Next Generation EU through the research grant 2022ENJMRS under the program PRIN 2022, by the Italian Ministero dell'Università e Ricerca (MUR) and European Union – Next Generation EU through the research grant no. 20225X52RA “MUS4GM2: Muon Scattering for g−2” under the program Prin 2022, by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, by Spanish “Agencia Estatal de Investigación”, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, through grant nos. PID2023-151418NB-I00, PID2020-114473GB-I00, PID2023-146220NB-I00, PID2020-114767GB-I00, PID2023-147072NB-I00, and CEX2023-001292-S, by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) grants PID2022-140440NB-C22, PID2023-146142NB-I00, by the Spanish MICIU (Ramon y Cajal program RYC2019-027605-I and project PID2022-136510NB-C31), by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant no.12125501, by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada, by the “Rita Levi Montalcini” program for young researchers of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), The Royal Society (URF/R1/231503), by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Switzerland under grant nos. 200020_200553, 200020_208222, 200021_175761, PCEFP2_181117, PCEFP2_194272, TMCG-2_213690, 200020_207386, Ambizione program (grant PZ00P2_193383), by SECIHTI (Mexico), project CBF2023-2024-3226, by the UK Research and Innovation, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, grant no.EP/X021971/1, by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under grant nos. ST/S000925/, ST/T000600/1, ST/T000988/1, ST/X000494/1, ST/X000699/1, and ST/Y509759/1, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under award nos. DE-SC0010005, DE-SC0010120, DE-SC0010339, DE-SC0015655, DE-SC0013682, DE-SC0021147, and the “High Energy Physics Computing Traineeship for Lattice Gauge Theory”DE-SC0024053, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under award no. DE-FG02-00ER41132, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant nos. PHY20-13064, PHY23-10571, PHY-2309135 (to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, KITP), OAC-2311430. This document was prepared in part using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Forward Discovery Group, LLC, acting under United States Department of Energy contract no. 89243024CSC000002. We thank the University of Bern for hosting the sixth plenary workshop [76] . This workshop was supported in part by the Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_200553 , 200021_200866 , PCEFP2_181117 , and PCEFP2_194272 ). We thank The University of Edinburgh for hosting the fifth plenary workshop [75] . This workshop was supported by the Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre, the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology (UKRI grant ST/T001011/1 ), UKLFT (UKRI grant ST/T000813/1 ), and STRONG-2020 . This workshop was also sponsored by Eviden (formerly ATOS) , NVIDIA , and StorJ . STRONG-2020 is a project part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program with grant agreement no. 824093 .

TrägerTrägernummer
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF)10.55776/I3845

ÖFOS 2012

  • 103012 Hochenergiephysik
  • 103014 Kernphysik

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