The pseudotachylytes at the base of the Silvretta Nappe: A newly discovered recent generation and the tectonomometamophic evolution of the Nappe.

The base of the Silvretta Nappe (Austroalpine Unit, Eastern Alps) has localized extensive deformation, including the occurrence of multiple generations of pseudotachylytes, alternating with (ultra)mylonites, in the host amphibolite and gneiss. Previous works attributed the formation of pseudotachylytes and associated ultramylonites to the Eoalpine deformation phase (mid. Cretaceous). In this work, we report the presence of a younger generation of pseudotachylytes, which overprints the previously characterized pseudotachylyte-ultramylonite association. A detailed petrographic study of selected samples from the Jamtal, Tyrol (Austria), provides further constraints on the possible tectonic evolution of the Silvretta Nappe.

Contrary to the Eoalpine pseudotachylytes, the younger pseudotachylytes are not completely recrystallized, foliated, and epidotized, but rather preserve the typical features of frictional melts (e.g., microlites, glassy groundmass, evidence of melt immiscibility, etc.). This suggests formation in relatively shallow conditions, rather than under greenschist facies, as assumed for the Eoalpine pseudotachylytes. The “young” pseudotachylytes, commonly discordant to the foliation, thus likely formed during the final subduction of the Penninic Unit in the Paleogene. This occurrence lends further support to the localization of deformation at the base of the upper plate, in this case represented by the Silvretta Nappe, as observed in other portions of the Alps.