Wetlands

We introduced (1) the main definitions associated with wetlands, their common components, major types and their characteristics, and their global distribution and extent; (2) the main biogeochemical cycles of nutrients within wetlands, especially as they are influenced by changes in sediment redox potential associated with inundations; (3) the main functions and services provided by wetlands; (4) the global trend of wetland destruction linked to human activities, such as the conversion of drainage patterns, excavations, deforestation, and biological invasions; (5) the threats of climate change and the possibility of using wetlands to mitigate climate change through their role in the global carbon cycle; and (6) the influential national and international policies for wetland conservation, including three examples of restoration projects.