Ab initio investigation of the adsorption of benzene in mordenite

The adsorption of benzene in pure-silica and acid mordenite has been investigated using density functional theory, both in the local density approximation and including generalized-gradient corrections. Benzene acts as a test molecule for studying the interaction between an aromatic hydrocarbon and a zeolite. Different adsorption modes have been studied for several acid sites. All configurations have been optimized by minimizing the total energy with respect to all lattice parameters and to the atomic coordinates. The strength of the adsorption is directly correlated to the local structural distortion of the zeolitic framework, especially of the acid site. Only if strong adsorption occurs, the molecule itself is slightly deformed. Furthermore, an analysis of the differential charges has been performed, indicating substantial polarization effects for the acid site as well as for the molecule. Finally, the red-shift of the OH-stretching frequencies due to the adsorption has been calculated.