Beyond the Green Economy. The Imperial Mode of Living as Major Barrier for a Circular Economy

The dependence on non-renewable resources and the growth-oriented character of the capitalist economy could be reshaped by promoting a closed-loop economy. For example, the concept of the circular-flow economy has already found its way into the strategies of the European Commission and the new Austrian government. It must be observed whether and how the demand for a circular economy is able to question the overall orientation toward growth, competitiveness and efficiency as well as the dominance of strong industries as pioneers for research and development, product innovation and market expansion. This chapter takes the view that the realization of a circular economy will depend not only on adequate regulatory framework conditions for manufacturers and consumers, but above all on a broader social change in the currently dominant and unsustainable production and life systems. If this "imperial mode of living" remains unquestioned, initiatives for a circular economy will at best lead to a greening of the economy in some regions and sectors without solving the deep socio-ecological crisis.