Abstract
The production of thermosetting resins from lignin is a promising route to upcycle this biomaterial, currently overwhelmingly used as fuel. Raw kraft black liquor with no prior purification or treatment was derivatised using epichlorohydrin and an aniline catalyst to yield a black liquor-based epoxy resin (BLER). BLER is a liquid resin, which can be processed using conventional moulding techniques prior to curing into black liquor-based thermosets using maleic anhydride as hardener. We report the production of liquid lignin-based thermosets containing a biocarbon content of ∼ 16%. These thermosets possess Young's moduli and tensile strengths exceeding 1 GPa and 40 MPa, respectively. The chemical composition of the starting material and BLER were characterised, and the mechanisms of cure as well as the mechanical properties of lignin-based thermosets were determined.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 145787 |
| Journal | Chemical engineering journal |
| Volume | 475 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Nov 2023 |
Funding
We greatly acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund FWF for funding through BIOMAMA (project number I 4864). We thank Irina Sulaeva, Ivan Sumerskii, Antje Potthast and the Core Facility Analysis of Lignocellulosics of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna for quick turnaround of the GPC experiments and lignin analysis. For the NMR analyses, we thank the NMR Centre of the University of Vienna. For the determination of bio-carbon contents we would like to thank the Department of Physics of the University of Vienna and especially Peter Steier and Monika Bolka. Last but not least, we thank Lukas Hollerer for his contribution while completing his BSc research thesis and Clement Poulain (École Supéieure D'Ingénieurs Numérique et Matériaux, ESiREM) for his contribution during his ERASMUS + internship. We greatly acknowledge the Austrian Science Fund FWF for funding through BIOMAMA (project number I 4864). We thank Irina Sulaeva, Ivan Sumerskii, Antje Potthast and the Core Facility Analysis of Lignocellulosics of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna for quick turnaround of the GPC experiments and lignin analysis. For the NMR analyses, we thank the NMR Centre of the University of Vienna. For the determination of bio-carbon contents we would like to thank the Department of Physics of the University of Vienna and especially Peter Steier and Monika Bolka. Last but not least, we thank Lukas Hollerer for his contribution while completing his BSc research thesis and Clement Poulain (École Supéieure D’Ingénieurs Numérique et Matériaux, ESiREM) for his contribution during his ERASMUS + internship.
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 104018 Polymer chemistry
- 103023 Polymer physics
Keywords
- Biopolymer
- Black Liquor
- Epoxy Resin
- Lignin
- Thermoset
- Upcycling