@inbook{4d8893ba806f4dae93b8e1e707ce926a,
title = "Die Farben und F{\"a}rbetechniken der pr{\"a}historischen Textilien aus dem Salzbergbau Hallstatt / The colours and dyeing techniques of prehistoric textiles from the salt mines of Hallstatt",
abstract = "The preservation of woollen textiles in the prehistoric salt mines of Hallstatt is a lucky chance for the study of prehistoric textile dyeing. The Hallstatt textiles collection of the Department of Prehistory at the Natural History Museum Vienna shows the creativity of the prehistoric people. Already in the Bronze Age, the main materials for wool dyeing had been discovered: Woad served as indigo plant for dyeing blue, and rhizomes of Rubiaceae for dyeing red. Plants provided dyes for yellow and tannins for black. Out of the 12 analysed samples from 11 Bronze Age textile fragments, 9 are dyed and 3 are probably dyed. In textile fragments of the Hallstatt Period a greater number of yellow dyes were detected pointing to the use of plants which up to now had not been known for the Bronze Age. Green was dyed through combining woad blue with yellow. The palette of reds seems to be expanded through the use of dye insects and lichens. Frequently, woad blue was combined with other dyes and tannins to achieve dark blues. They went perfectly together with clasps, belts and necklaces made of shiny bronze. Out of the 67 analysed samples from 49 Iron Age textile fragments, 42 were dyed, 8 were probably dyed and 17 probably not dyed.",
keywords = "chemical analysis archaeobotany Natural Dyes Bronze Age archaeology Iron Age HPLC-PDA REM-EDX",
author = "{Hofmann-de Keijzer}, Regina and {van Bommel}, {Maarten R.} and Ineke Joosten and Anna Hartl and {Proa{\~n}o Gaibor}, {Art N{\'e}ss} and Heiss, {Andreas G.} and Robert Kralofsky and Rudolf Erlach and {de Groot}, Suzan",
year = "2013",
language = "Multiple languages",
isbn = "978-963-9911-46-8",
series = "Archaeolingua",
publisher = "The Archaeolingua Foundation",
pages = "135--162",
editor = "Karina Gr{\"o}mer and Anton Kern and Hans Reschreiter and Helga R{\"o}sel-Mautendorfer and Wolfgang Meid",
booktitle = "Textiles from Hallstatt",
}