Dynamic finite-element simulations reveal early origin of complex human birth pattern

Pierre Frémondière (Corresponding author), Lionel Thollon, François Marchal, Cinzia Fornai, Nicole M. Webb, Martin Haeusler (Corresponding author)

Publications: Contribution to journalArticlePeer Reviewed

Abstract

Human infants are born neurologically immature, potentially owing to conflicting selection pressures between bipedal locomotion and encephalization as suggested by the obstetrical dilemma hypothesis. Australopithecines are ideal for investigating this trade-off, having a bipedally adapted pelvis, yet relatively small brains. Our finite-element birth simulations indicate that rotational birth cannot be inferred from bony morphology alone. Based on a range of pelvic reconstructions and fetal head sizes, our simulations further imply that australopithecines, like humans, gave birth to immature, secondary altricial newborns with head sizes smaller than those predicted for non-human primates of the same body size especially when soft tissue thickness is adequately approximated. We conclude that australopithecines required cooperative breeding to care for their secondary altricial infants. These prerequisites for advanced cognitive development therefore seem to have been corollary to skeletal adaptations for bipedal locomotion that preceded the appearance of the genus Homo and the increase in encephalization.

Original languageEnglish
Article number377
JournalCommunications Biology
Volume5
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2022

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

  • 106018 Human biology

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