Abstract
Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 102432 |
| Journal | Journal of Environmental Psychology |
| Volume | 99 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Nov 2024 |
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 501004 Differential psychology
Keywords
- Connectedness to nature scale
- Cross-cultural
- Measurement invariance
- Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA)
- Nature exposure scale
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In: Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 99, 102432, 11.2024.
Publications: Contribution to journal › Article › Peer Reviewed
TY - JOUR
T1 - Exposure and connectedness to natural environments
T2 - An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups
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AU - Camacho, Pablo
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AU - Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin
AU - Chambers, Tim
AU - Chen, Qing Wei
AU - Chen, Xin
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AU - Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit
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AU - Donofrio, Stacey M.
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AU - Dzhambov, Angel M.
AU - El-Jor, Claire
AU - Enea, Violeta
AU - Eskin, Mehmet
AU - Farbod, Farinaz
AU - Farrugia, Lorleen
AU - Fian, Leonie
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AU - Folwarczny, Michał
AU - Frederick, David A.
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AU - Furnham, Adrian
AU - García, Antonio Alías
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AU - Lipowska, Małgorzata
AU - Lipowski, Mariusz
AU - Lombardo, Caterina
AU - Lukács, Andrea
AU - Maïano, Christophe
AU - Malik, Sadia
AU - Manjary, Mandar
AU - Baldó, Lidia Márquez
AU - Martinez-Banfi, Martha
AU - Massar, Karlijn
AU - Matera, Camilla
AU - McAnirlin, Olivia
AU - Mebarak, Moisés Roberto
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AU - Filgueiras Meireles, Juliana Fernandes
AU - Mesko, Norbert
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AU - Miyairi, Maya
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AU - Myers, Taryn A.
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AU - Neto, Félix
AU - Neto, Joana
AU - Neves, Angela Nogueira
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AU - Nithiya, Devi
AU - O, Jiaqing
AU - Obeid, Sahar
AU - Oda-Montecinos, Camila
AU - Olapegba, Peter Olamakinde
AU - Olonisakin, Tosin Tunrayo
AU - Omar, Salma Samir
AU - Örlygsdóttir, Brynja
AU - Özsoy, Emrah
AU - Otterbring, Tobias
AU - Pahl, Sabine
AU - Panasiti, Maria Serena
AU - Park, Yonguk
AU - Patwary, Muhammad Mainuddin
AU - Pethö, Tatiana
AU - Petrova, Nadezhda
AU - Pietschnig, Jakob
AU - Pourmahmoud, Sadaf
AU - Prabhu, Vishnunarayan Girishan
AU - Poštuvan, Vita
AU - Prokop, Pavol
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AU - Razmus, Magdalena
AU - Ru, Taotao
AU - Rupar, Mirjana
AU - Sahlan, Reza N.
AU - Hassan, Mohammad Salah
AU - Šalov, Anđela
AU - Sapkota, Saphal
AU - Sarfo, Jacob Owusu
AU - Sawamiya, Yoko
AU - Schaefer, Katrin
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AU - Seekis, Veya
AU - Selvi, Kerim
AU - Sharifi, Mehdi
AU - Shrivastava, Anita
AU - Siddique, Rumana Ferdousi
AU - Sigurdsson, Valdimar
AU - Silkane, Vineta
AU - Šimunić, Ana
AU - Singh, Govind
AU - Slezáčková, Alena
AU - Sundgot-Borgen, Christine
AU - Hoor, Gill Ten
AU - Tevichapong, Passagorn
AU - Tipandjan, Arun
AU - Todd, Jennifer
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AU - Tonini, Fernando
AU - Tovar-Castro, Juan Camilo
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AU - Tripathi, Pankaj
AU - Tudorel, Otilia
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AU - Vally, Zahir
AU - Vanags, Edmunds
AU - Vega, Luis Diego
AU - Vicente-Arruebarrena, Aitor
AU - Vidal-Mollón, Jose
AU - Vilar, Roosevelt
AU - Villegas, Hyxia
AU - Vintilă, Mona
AU - Wallner, Christoph
AU - Whitebridge, Simon
AU - Windhager, Sonja
AU - Wong, Kah Yan
AU - Yau, Eric Kenson
AU - Yamamiya, Yuko
AU - Lan Yeung, Victoria Wai
AU - Zanetti, Marcelo Callegari
AU - Zawisza, Magdalena
AU - Zeeni, Nadine
AU - Zvaríková, Martina
AU - Stieger, Stefan
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors
PY - 2024/11
Y1 - 2024/11
N2 - Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.
AB - Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.
KW - Connectedness to nature scale
KW - Cross-cultural
KW - Measurement invariance
KW - Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA)
KW - Nature exposure scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85204224528&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102432
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102432
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85204224528
SN - 0272-4944
VL - 99
JO - Journal of Environmental Psychology
JF - Journal of Environmental Psychology
M1 - 102432
ER -