First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis

Beric M. Gilbert; Franz Jirsa; Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis

Beric M. Gilbert (Corresponding author)
, Franz Jirsa
, Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage

Department of Inorganic Chemistry

Publications: Contribution to journal › Article › Peer Reviewed

Abstract

Background: Elevated levels of trace elements in the aquatic environment poses risks to the health of biota and humans. Parasites are important components in ecosystems; responding to changes in the health of aquatic ecosystems and can accumulate trace elements in their tissues to higher levels than their hosts. Monogeneans are an important group of fish ectoparasites being directly exposed to the aquatic environment. Methods: In this study concentrations of Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Ag were analysed in the monogenean parasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (by total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), and the muscle, liver and gills of two host fish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis (by inductively coupled plasma -– mass spectrometry). Results: Most striking was the accumulation pattern for Zn in parasites; mean levels of Zn were as high as 1448 and 1652 mg kg⁻¹ dw, respectively, with no significant difference between the two host-parasite groups, leading to bioconcentration factors of approximately 93 (parasite/fish muscle) and 15 (parasite/fish liver). In addition, Fe was accumulated in the parasite to a higher degree compared to the fish hosts’ tissues. Cu levels were higher in P. ichthyoxanthon than in the muscle tissue of both host fishes, but lower than liver tissue. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the usefulness of this parasite species as a sentinel organism in aquatic ecosystems it inhabits for Fe and Zn. Other trace elements under investigation were not accumulated higher in the parasite compared to its fish host. Lower Rb levels in the parasite compared to its hosts indicate no biomagnification of this metal. Further investigations are required to determine if similar trends in trace element accumulation occur in other monogeneans. Data availability: All data generated in the analysis of host and parasite tissues are presented in the manuscript.

Original language	English
Article number	127053
Journal	Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
Volume	74
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

Funding

The authors would like to thank the National Research Foundation South Africa NRF-bilateral (grant no. 116067) for funding to travel to the University of Vienna, Austria and to undertake field work. The University of Johannesburg, Faculty Research Committee and Central Research Committee are thanked for infrastructure, and funding to undertake field work and ICP-MS analysis. Gratitude is extended to the National Research Foundation (NRF) for providing postdoctoral funding to BMG (Grant Number: 120683). The Spectrum Analytical Facility is thanked for providing access to infrastructure and assistance with ICP-MS analysis of fish tissues. The authors would like to thank the National Research Foundation South Africa NRF-bilateral (grant no. 116067 ) for funding to travel to the University of Vienna, Austria and to undertake field work. The University of Johannesburg, Faculty Research Committee and Central Research Committee are thanked for infrastructure, and funding to undertake field work and ICP-MS analysis. Gratitude is extended to the National Research Foundation (NRF) for providing postdoctoral funding to BMG (Grant Number: 120683 ). The authors would like to thank the National Research Foundation South Africa NRF-bilateral (grant no. 116067) for funding to travel to the University of Vienna, Austria and to undertake field work. The University of Johannesburg, Faculty Research Committee and Central Research Committee are thanked for infrastructure, and funding to undertake field work and ICP-MS analysis. Gratitude is extended to the National Research Foundation (NRF) for providing postdoctoral funding to BMG (Grant Number: 120683).

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

106020 Limnology
403023 Veterinary parasitology
104003 Inorganic chemistry

Keywords

Bioaccumulation
Parasites as sentinels
Rubidium
Vaal River
Water quality
Zinc

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Gilbert, B. M., Jirsa, F., & Avenant-Oldewage, A. (2022). First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 74, Article 127053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

@article{c64145e70a77429090cc4e233dc3ec3f,

title = "First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis",

abstract = "Background: Elevated levels of trace elements in the aquatic environment poses risks to the health of biota and humans. Parasites are important components in ecosystems; responding to changes in the health of aquatic ecosystems and can accumulate trace elements in their tissues to higher levels than their hosts. Monogeneans are an important group of fish ectoparasites being directly exposed to the aquatic environment. Methods: In this study concentrations of Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Ag were analysed in the monogenean parasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (by total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), and the muscle, liver and gills of two host fish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis (by inductively coupled plasma -– mass spectrometry). Results: Most striking was the accumulation pattern for Zn in parasites; mean levels of Zn were as high as 1448 and 1652 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, with no significant difference between the two host-parasite groups, leading to bioconcentration factors of approximately 93 (parasite/fish muscle) and 15 (parasite/fish liver). In addition, Fe was accumulated in the parasite to a higher degree compared to the fish hosts{\textquoteright} tissues. Cu levels were higher in P. ichthyoxanthon than in the muscle tissue of both host fishes, but lower than liver tissue. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the usefulness of this parasite species as a sentinel organism in aquatic ecosystems it inhabits for Fe and Zn. Other trace elements under investigation were not accumulated higher in the parasite compared to its fish host. Lower Rb levels in the parasite compared to its hosts indicate no biomagnification of this metal. Further investigations are required to determine if similar trends in trace element accumulation occur in other monogeneans. Data availability: All data generated in the analysis of host and parasite tissues are presented in the manuscript.",

keywords = "Bioaccumulation, Parasites as sentinels, Rubidium, Vaal River, Water quality, Zinc",

author = "Gilbert, \{Beric M.\} and Franz Jirsa and Annemari{\`e} Avenant-Oldewage",

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year = "2022",

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Gilbert, BM, Jirsa, F & Avenant-Oldewage, A 2022, 'First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis', Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, vol. 74, 127053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis. / Gilbert, Beric M. (Corresponding author); Jirsa, Franz; Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè.
In: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 74, 127053, 12.2022.

Publications: Contribution to journal › Article › Peer Reviewed

TY - JOUR

T1 - First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis

AU - Gilbert, Beric M.

AU - Jirsa, Franz

AU - Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè

N1 - Accession Number: WOS:000931815000003 PubMed ID: 35939924

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Background: Elevated levels of trace elements in the aquatic environment poses risks to the health of biota and humans. Parasites are important components in ecosystems; responding to changes in the health of aquatic ecosystems and can accumulate trace elements in their tissues to higher levels than their hosts. Monogeneans are an important group of fish ectoparasites being directly exposed to the aquatic environment. Methods: In this study concentrations of Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Ag were analysed in the monogenean parasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (by total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), and the muscle, liver and gills of two host fish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis (by inductively coupled plasma -– mass spectrometry). Results: Most striking was the accumulation pattern for Zn in parasites; mean levels of Zn were as high as 1448 and 1652 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, with no significant difference between the two host-parasite groups, leading to bioconcentration factors of approximately 93 (parasite/fish muscle) and 15 (parasite/fish liver). In addition, Fe was accumulated in the parasite to a higher degree compared to the fish hosts’ tissues. Cu levels were higher in P. ichthyoxanthon than in the muscle tissue of both host fishes, but lower than liver tissue. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the usefulness of this parasite species as a sentinel organism in aquatic ecosystems it inhabits for Fe and Zn. Other trace elements under investigation were not accumulated higher in the parasite compared to its fish host. Lower Rb levels in the parasite compared to its hosts indicate no biomagnification of this metal. Further investigations are required to determine if similar trends in trace element accumulation occur in other monogeneans. Data availability: All data generated in the analysis of host and parasite tissues are presented in the manuscript.

AB - Background: Elevated levels of trace elements in the aquatic environment poses risks to the health of biota and humans. Parasites are important components in ecosystems; responding to changes in the health of aquatic ecosystems and can accumulate trace elements in their tissues to higher levels than their hosts. Monogeneans are an important group of fish ectoparasites being directly exposed to the aquatic environment. Methods: In this study concentrations of Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Ag were analysed in the monogenean parasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (by total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry), and the muscle, liver and gills of two host fish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis (by inductively coupled plasma -– mass spectrometry). Results: Most striking was the accumulation pattern for Zn in parasites; mean levels of Zn were as high as 1448 and 1652 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, with no significant difference between the two host-parasite groups, leading to bioconcentration factors of approximately 93 (parasite/fish muscle) and 15 (parasite/fish liver). In addition, Fe was accumulated in the parasite to a higher degree compared to the fish hosts’ tissues. Cu levels were higher in P. ichthyoxanthon than in the muscle tissue of both host fishes, but lower than liver tissue. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the usefulness of this parasite species as a sentinel organism in aquatic ecosystems it inhabits for Fe and Zn. Other trace elements under investigation were not accumulated higher in the parasite compared to its fish host. Lower Rb levels in the parasite compared to its hosts indicate no biomagnification of this metal. Further investigations are required to determine if similar trends in trace element accumulation occur in other monogeneans. Data availability: All data generated in the analysis of host and parasite tissues are presented in the manuscript.

KW - Bioaccumulation

KW - Parasites as sentinels

KW - Rubidium

KW - Vaal River

KW - Water quality

KW - Zinc

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85135509483

U2 - 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

DO - 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

M3 - Article

C2 - 35939924

AN - SCOPUS:85135509483

SN - 0946-672X

VL - 74

JO - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

M1 - 127053

ER -

Gilbert BM, Jirsa F, Avenant-Oldewage A. First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 2022 Dec;74:127053. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127053

First record of trace element accumulation in a freshwater ectoparasite, Paradiplozoon ichthyoxanthon (Monogenea; Diplozoidae), infecting the gills of two yellowfish species, Labeobarbus aeneus and Labeobarbus kimberleyensis

Abstract

Funding

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

Keywords

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