TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of reference materials for the detection and size determination of silica nanoparticles in tomato soup
AU - Grombe, Ringo
AU - Charoud-Got, Jean
AU - Emteborg, Håkan
AU - Linsinger, Thomas P J
AU - Seghers, John
AU - Wagner, Stephan
AU - von der Kammer, Frank
AU - Hofmann, Thilo
AU - Dudkiewicz, Agnieszka
AU - Llinas, Meritxell
AU - Solans, Conxita
AU - Lehner, Angela
AU - Allmaier, Günter
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments The work leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 245162. The authors thank Mrs. Meeus (EC JRC IRMM) for conducting the microbiology tests.
Funding Information:
Nanotechnology holds great promise for conservation of resources and better products, but—like any new technology— has potential risks connected to it. The European Commission has stepped forward to propose a definition of “nanomaterial” to be used in legislative context [1] and legislation requiring food producers to inform consumers if ingredients are present in the nano-form [2] has been passed. According to [1], a nanomaterial is defined as a material where 50 % of the number of particles have external diameters between 1 and 100 nm. The definition explicitly mentions that this criterion applies not to the overall size of agglomerates or aggregates, but to the constituent particles of potential agglomerates and aggregates. Implementation of this legislation requires reliable methods to detect and quantify nanomaterials in foodstuff. The project NanoLyse, funded under the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme (grant agreement 245162), aims to provide proof of principle that such methods are feasible, as there are currently no validated methods for this purpose available.
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - A set of four reference materials for the detection and quantification of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in food was produced as a proof of principle exercise. Neat silica suspensions were ampouled, tested for homogeneity and stability, and characterized for total silica content as well as particle diameter by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy (EM), gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis (GEMMA), and field-flow fractionation coupled with an inductively coupled mass spectrometer (FFF-ICPMS). Tomato soup was prepared from ingredients free of engineered nanoparticles and was spiked at two concentration levels with the silica NP suspension. Homogeneity of these materials was found sufficient to act as reference materials and the materials are sufficiently stable to allow long-term storage and distribution at ambient temperature, providing proof of principle of the feasibility of producing liquid food reference materials for the detection of nanoparticles. The spiked soups were characterized for particle diameter by EM and FFF-ICPMS (one material only), as well as for the total silica content. Although questions regarding the trueness of the results from EM and FFF-ICPMS procedures remain, the data obtained indicate that even assigning values should eventually be feasible. The materials can therefore be regarded as the first step towards certified reference materials for silica nanoparticles in a food matrix.
AB - A set of four reference materials for the detection and quantification of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in food was produced as a proof of principle exercise. Neat silica suspensions were ampouled, tested for homogeneity and stability, and characterized for total silica content as well as particle diameter by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy (EM), gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analysis (GEMMA), and field-flow fractionation coupled with an inductively coupled mass spectrometer (FFF-ICPMS). Tomato soup was prepared from ingredients free of engineered nanoparticles and was spiked at two concentration levels with the silica NP suspension. Homogeneity of these materials was found sufficient to act as reference materials and the materials are sufficiently stable to allow long-term storage and distribution at ambient temperature, providing proof of principle of the feasibility of producing liquid food reference materials for the detection of nanoparticles. The spiked soups were characterized for particle diameter by EM and FFF-ICPMS (one material only), as well as for the total silica content. Although questions regarding the trueness of the results from EM and FFF-ICPMS procedures remain, the data obtained indicate that even assigning values should eventually be feasible. The materials can therefore be regarded as the first step towards certified reference materials for silica nanoparticles in a food matrix.
KW - Colloidal silica
KW - Engineered nanoparticles
KW - Reference material production
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84903793415
U2 - 10.1007/s00216-013-7554-1
DO - 10.1007/s00216-013-7554-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 24390460
SN - 1618-2642
VL - 406
SP - 3895
EP - 3907
JO - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
JF - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
IS - 16
ER -