Prosociality in a despotic society

Debottam Bhattacharjee, Eythan Cousin, Lena S. Pflüger, Jorg J.M. Massen

Publications: Contribution to journalArticlePeer Reviewed

Abstract

Prosociality is the intent to improve others? well-being. Existing hypotheses postulate that enhanced social tolerance and inter-individual dependence may facilitate prosocial preferences, which may favor the evolution of altruism. While most studies are restricted to ?tolerant? (cooperatively breeding and self-domesticated) species, despotic societies provide an alternative opportunity to investigate prosociality due to nepotism and ample inter-individual dependencies. Japanese macaques live in hierarchical matrilineal societies, with strong kin bonds. Besides, tolerance among non-kin may persist through reciprocity. Using a group service food-provision paradigm, we found prosocial preferences in a semi free-ranging group of Japanese macaques. The extent of provisioning was at levels comparable to tolerant species. Dyadic tolerance predicted the likelihood and magnitude of provisioning, while kinship predicted the magnitude. We emphasize the role of a complex socio-ecology fostering individual prosocial tendencies through kinship and tolerance. These findings necessitate a framework including different forms of interdependence beyond the generally tolerant species.
Original languageEnglish
Article number106587
JournalIscience
Volume26
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 19 May 2023

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

  • 106051 Behavioural biology

Keywords

  • Biological sciences
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Zoology

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