Revisiting the causes of fertility decline in Bangladesh: the relative importance of female education and family planning programs

Endale Birhanu Kebede, Wolfgang Lutz

Publications: Contribution to journalArticlePeer Reviewed

Abstract

Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, has experienced a dramatic decline in fertility since 1985, with a decline in the total fertility rate from 5.5–2.1. International researchers have debated the reasons for this rapid decline, with some studies attributing it primarily to family planning programmes and others pointing at the simultaneous increase in the education of women and other socioeconomic factors. Using data from seven-rounds of the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), we comprehensively review fertility trends by reconstructing cohort and period fertility indicators by educational attainment. Multilevel regression shows a robust negative association between fertility and educational attainment at the individual and community levels. Pathway’s analysis reveals that female education has a significant effect on declining fertility desires dominating all other effects. Increased women's education and the associated diffusion of smaller desired family size might be the primary factor driving the impressive fertility decline in Bangladesh.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)81-104
Number of pages24
JournalAsian Population Studies
Volume19
Issue number1
Early online date21 Jan 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

  • 502053 Economics

Keywords

  • Fertility; low-income countries; education; Bangladesh; family planning
  • TRANSITION
  • AFRICA
  • family planning
  • Bangladesh
  • CONTRACEPTIVE USE
  • education
  • Fertility
  • SIZE
  • low-income countries
  • POPULATION-POLICY

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