Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies

Oleksandr Dobrovolskiy; Hermann Suderow; Francesco Tafuri; Annica M Black-Schaffer; Jose L Lado; Asle Sudbø; Daniela Stornaioulo; Chuan Li; Anna E Böhmer; Lan Maria Tran; Andrzej J Zaleski; Adrian Crisan; Massimiliano Polichetti; Armando Galluzzi; Ali Gencer; Bernd Aichner; Neven Barišić; Wolfgang Lang; Tomas Samuely; Martin Gmitra; Tristan Cren; Mateo Calandra; Peter Samuely; Jeroen Custers; Rosa Córdoba; Vladimir M Fomin; Nicola Poccia; Pavol Szabó; Fabrizio Porrati; Gleb Kakazei; Jan Aarts; Jason Robinson; Javier E Villegas; Matthias Althammer; Hans Huebl; Akashdeep Kamra; Mathias Weiler; J Hugo Dil; Daniil Evtushinsky; Beena Kalisky; Yonathan Anahory; Simon Bending; Peter Liljeroth; Abdou Hassanien; Isabel Guillamón; Edwin Herrera; Alejandro V Silhanek; Joris Van de Vondel; Anna Palau; Ilya Charaev; Maria Sidorova; Floriana Lombardi; Thilo Bauch; Cheryl Feuillet-Palma; Vasily Stolyarov; Dimitri Roditchev; Vladimir M Krasnov; Benedikt Hampel; María José Martínez-Pérez; Javier Sesé; Dieter Koelle; Stefano Poletto; Alessandro Bruno; Davide Massarotti

doi:10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030

Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies

Oleksandr Dobrovolskiy (Corresponding author)
, Hermann Suderow
, Francesco Tafuri
, Annica M Black-Schaffer
, Jose L Lado
, Asle Sudbø
, Daniela Stornaioulo
, Chuan Li
, Anna E Böhmer
, Lan Maria Tran
, Andrzej J Zaleski
, Adrian Crisan
, Massimiliano Polichetti
, Armando Galluzzi
, Ali Gencer
, Bernd Aichner
, Neven Barišić
, Wolfgang Lang
, Tomas Samuely
, Martin Gmitra

Tristan Cren, Mateo Calandra, Peter Samuely, Jeroen Custers, Rosa Córdoba, Vladimir M Fomin, Nicola Poccia, Pavol Szabó, Fabrizio Porrati, Gleb Kakazei, Jan Aarts, Jason Robinson, Javier E Villegas, Matthias Althammer, Hans Huebl, Akashdeep Kamra, Mathias Weiler, J Hugo Dil, Daniil Evtushinsky, Beena Kalisky, Yonathan Anahory, Simon Bending, Peter Liljeroth, Abdou Hassanien, Isabel Guillamón, Edwin Herrera, Alejandro V Silhanek, Joris Van de Vondel, Anna Palau, Ilya Charaev, Maria Sidorova, Floriana Lombardi, Thilo Bauch, Cheryl Feuillet-Palma, Vasily Stolyarov, Dimitri Roditchev, Vladimir M Krasnov, Benedikt Hampel, María José Martínez-Pérez, Javier Sesé, Dieter Koelle, Stefano Poletto, Alessandro Bruno, Davide Massarotti

Publications: Contribution to journal › Review › Peer Reviewed

Abstract

In 2025, the Year of Quantum Science and Technology (https://quantum2025.org/), we celebrate a century of quantum mechanics, witnessing a surge in activities that illuminate its inherent strangeness and drive technological innovation. Superconductivity, discovered 114 years ago, stands as a prime example, offering direct and compelling evidence of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Beyond its ability to conduct immense currents without loss, superconductivity reveals the quantum realm operating on a scale we can directly observe and manipulate. The macroscopic quantum coherence, where an ensemble of particles is described by a single wave function, leads to remarkable consequences: dissipation-less current and flux quantization—the basic properties exploited in superconducting quantum circuit fabrication. This Roadmap has been inspired by intensive discussions and collaborations emerging from the European Cooperation in Science & Technology COST-Action CA21144 (SuperQuMap—Superconducting Nanodevices and Quantum Materials for Coherent Manipulation). The aim of the COST Action SuperQuMap is to establish a strong European network centered on macroscopic quantum behavior in superconductors, bringing together groups of different backgrounds and more than 30 countries. The roadmap outlines the network’s concrete activities, driving advancements in superconductor-based quantum technologies and charting future directions. Spanning fundamental research to practical applications, the roadmap incorporates insights from industry partners developing quantum computation. It begins by exploring quantum materials, highlighting how topology and electronic correlations could catalyze a quantum leap in technology. We then delve into manipulating the superconducting phase, leveraging advancements in magnetism, 3D fabrication, and tunable correlations. Further, we showcase the advanced microscopy techniques—such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning probes—used to visualize quantum behavior. Finally, and crucially, we detail the quantum devices developed within the network, and their transformative impact on modern quantum computing approaches.

Original language	English
Article number	023502
Number of pages	92
Journal	Superconductor Science & Technology
Volume	39
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030
Publication status	Published - 13 Feb 2026

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Braunschweig International Graduate School of Metrology—B-IGSM, in part by the Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology—LENA, in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers—390837967, in part by the Volkswagen Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony through ‘Quantum Valley Lower Saxony Q1’ (QVLS-Q1). G.K. acknowledges financial support from FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the projects LA/P/0095/2020 (LaPMET), UIDB/04968/2025; from FEDER—European Regional Development Fund through the project no. 17 142|COMPETE2030-FEDER-00854500 (SynRoLoD); and from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology COST Action CA21144 (SuperQuMap). The authors acknowledge the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) [www.cost.eu] program through the COST Action SUPERQUMAP (CA 21144) and support from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique—FNRS under the Grant Weave-PDR T.0208.23. This work is supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Grant Number G0D7723N and MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033/ through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in CEX2023-001263-S, PID2021-124680OB-I00, co-financed by ERDF A way of making Europe. AMBS acknowledges financial support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the Wallenberg Academy Fellows program, KAW 2019.0309. JLL acknowledges financial support from the Research Council of Finland and the Finnish Quantum Flagship. MW acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via TRR 173/3–268565370 ‘Spin +X’ (Projects B13 and B15). HH and MA acknowledge financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC-2111-390814868, and TRR360 (Project ID 492547816). HH acknowledges the Munich Quantum Valley, which is supported by the Bavarian state government with funds from the Hightech Agenda Bayern Plus. Work at Laboratoire Albert Fert supported by French ANR through Grants ANR22-CE30-00020-01 ‘SUPERFAST’, ANR-22-EXSP-0007 PEPR SPIN ‘SPINMAT’, and ANR-24-EXSP-0012 ‘SUPERSPIN’, the European Union’s EIC pathfinder Grant 101130224 ‘JOSEPHINE’. Work at Leiden University is supported through Grant OCENW.XS23.4.079 from the Dutch Research Council (NWO). JV, JA, and JWAR acknowledge support from the COST action ‘SUPERQUMAP’. JWAR also acknowledges funding through the EPSRC (Nos. EP/P026311/1 and EP/ N017242/1). D.S. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 101 115 190 (IQARO) and from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Project PRIN 2022 STIMO, n. 2022TWZ9NR). C.L acknowledges Dutch Research Council (NWO) for the financial support of the project SuperHOTS with file number VI.Vidi.203.047. The authors acknowledge the European Research Council (948986 QFaST), Grant CEX2023‐001286‐S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, the Spanish MCIN and the European Union FEDER through project PID2022-140923NB-C21, MCIN for the Advanced Materials and the Quantum Communication programs with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and the Government of Aragon, the European Union—NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC’s Quantum Technologies Platform (QTEP), the Aragón Regional Government (QMAD E09_23R) and the COST Actions FIT4NANO (CA19140) and SUPERQUMAP (CA21144). Support by the Spanish Research State Agency (PID2023-150148OB-I00, PDC2021-121086-I00, TED2021-130546B-I00 and CEX2023-001316-M), the European Research Council PNICTEYES Grant Agreement 679080 and GETREAL Grant Agreement 101142364 and by the Comunidad de Madrid through program Mag4TIC-CM (Program No. TEC-2024/TEC-380). We have benefitted from collaborations through EU program Cost CA21144 (superqumap.eu). This work was supported in part by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2014.0102) and in part by the Swedish Research Council under the project VR 2020-05184 and VR 2022-04334. The authors would like to thank Edoardo Trabaldo for the fabrication and measurements of the GDB. N.P. acknowledge Flavio Lo Sardo for useful feedback during the preparation of the manuscript and the partial funding support from the European Union, ERC-CoG 3DCuT, 101 124 606, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG 512734967) and Terra Quantum AG. F.P. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Frankfurt Center of Electron Microscopy (FCEM). The work of P.Sz. was supported by Projects APVV-23–0624, VEGA 2/0073/24 and SAS Project IMPULZ IM-2021–42. S.J.B. acknowledge financial support from EPSRC in the UK under Grant Numbers EP/X015033/1 & EP/W022680/1 and the Superqumap COST Action CA-21144.

Funders	Funder number
Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF)	10.55776/I4865

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

103033 Superconductivity
102040 Quantum computing
210006 Nanotechnology
103036 Theoretical physics

Keywords

Quantum materials
Quantum technologies
Magnetic flux quanta
Josephson devices
Local probe techniques
Topological superconductivity
Superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids
magnetic flux quanta
quantum materials
local probe techniques
superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids
topological superconductivity
quantum technologies

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10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030Licence: CC BY 4.0

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030Licence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

Dobrovolskiy, O., Suderow, H., Tafuri, F., Black-Schaffer, A. M., Lado, J. L., Sudbø, A., Stornaioulo, D., Li, C., Böhmer, A. E., Tran, L. M., Zaleski, A. J., Crisan, A., Polichetti, M., Galluzzi, A., Gencer, A., Aichner, B., Barišić, N., Lang, W., Samuely, T., ... Massarotti, D. (2026). Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies. Superconductor Science & Technology, 39(2), Article 023502. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030

@article{3fe16e4f93cd4e739d7d8b82e46e4242,

title = "Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies",

abstract = "In 2025, the Year of Quantum Science and Technology (https://quantum2025.org/), we celebrate a century of quantum mechanics, witnessing a surge in activities that illuminate its inherent strangeness and drive technological innovation. Superconductivity, discovered 114 years ago, stands as a prime example, offering direct and compelling evidence of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Beyond its ability to conduct immense currents without loss, superconductivity reveals the quantum realm operating on a scale we can directly observe and manipulate. The macroscopic quantum coherence, where an ensemble of particles is described by a single wave function, leads to remarkable consequences: dissipation-less current and flux quantization{\textemdash}the basic properties exploited in superconducting quantum circuit fabrication. This Roadmap has been inspired by intensive discussions and collaborations emerging from the European Cooperation in Science \& Technology COST-Action CA21144 (SuperQuMap{\textemdash}Superconducting Nanodevices and Quantum Materials for Coherent Manipulation). The aim of the COST Action SuperQuMap is to establish a strong European network centered on macroscopic quantum behavior in superconductors, bringing together groups of different backgrounds and more than 30 countries. The roadmap outlines the network{\textquoteright}s concrete activities, driving advancements in superconductor-based quantum technologies and charting future directions. Spanning fundamental research to practical applications, the roadmap incorporates insights from industry partners developing quantum computation. It begins by exploring quantum materials, highlighting how topology and electronic correlations could catalyze a quantum leap in technology. We then delve into manipulating the superconducting phase, leveraging advancements in magnetism, 3D fabrication, and tunable correlations. Further, we showcase the advanced microscopy techniques{\textemdash}such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning probes{\textemdash}used to visualize quantum behavior. Finally, and crucially, we detail the quantum devices developed within the network, and their transformative impact on modern quantum computing approaches.",

keywords = "Quantum materials, Quantum technologies, Magnetic flux quanta, Josephson devices, Local probe techniques, Topological superconductivity, Superconductor{\textendash}ferromagnet hybrids, magnetic flux quanta, quantum materials, local probe techniques, superconductor{\textendash}ferromagnet hybrids, topological superconductivity, quantum technologies",

author = "Oleksandr Dobrovolskiy and Hermann Suderow and Francesco Tafuri and Black-Schaffer, \{Annica M\} and Lado, \{Jose L\} and Asle Sudb{\o} and Daniela Stornaioulo and Chuan Li and B{\"o}hmer, \{Anna E\} and Tran, \{Lan Maria\} and Zaleski, \{Andrzej J\} and Adrian Crisan and Massimiliano Polichetti and Armando Galluzzi and Ali Gencer and Bernd Aichner and Neven Bari{\v s}i{\'c} and Wolfgang Lang and Tomas Samuely and Martin Gmitra and Tristan Cren and Mateo Calandra and Peter Samuely and Jeroen Custers and Rosa C{\'o}rdoba and Fomin, \{Vladimir M\} and Nicola Poccia and Pavol Szab{\'o} and Fabrizio Porrati and Gleb Kakazei and Jan Aarts and Jason Robinson and Villegas, \{Javier E\} and Matthias Althammer and Hans Huebl and Akashdeep Kamra and Mathias Weiler and Dil, \{J Hugo\} and Daniil Evtushinsky and Beena Kalisky and Yonathan Anahory and Simon Bending and Peter Liljeroth and Abdou Hassanien and Isabel Guillam{\'o}n and Edwin Herrera and Silhanek, \{Alejandro V\} and \{Van de Vondel\}, Joris and Anna Palau and Ilya Charaev and Maria Sidorova and Floriana Lombardi and Thilo Bauch and Cheryl Feuillet-Palma and Vasily Stolyarov and Dimitri Roditchev and Krasnov, \{Vladimir M\} and Benedikt Hampel and Mart{\'i}nez-P{\'e}rez, \{Mar{\'i}a Jos{\'e}\} and Javier Ses{\'e} and Dieter Koelle and Stefano Poletto and Alessandro Bruno and Davide Massarotti",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.",

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Dobrovolskiy, O, Suderow, H, Tafuri, F, Black-Schaffer, AM, Lado, JL, Sudbø, A, Stornaioulo, D, Li, C, Böhmer, AE, Tran, LM, Zaleski, AJ, Crisan, A, Polichetti, M, Galluzzi, A, Gencer, A, Aichner, B, Barišić, N, Lang, W, Samuely, T, Gmitra, M, Cren, T, Calandra, M, Samuely, P, Custers, J, Córdoba, R, Fomin, VM, Poccia, N, Szabó, P, Porrati, F, Kakazei, G, Aarts, J, Robinson, J, Villegas, JE, Althammer, M, Huebl, H, Kamra, A, Weiler, M, Dil, JH, Evtushinsky, D, Kalisky, B, Anahory, Y, Bending, S, Liljeroth, P, Hassanien, A, Guillamón, I, Herrera, E, Silhanek, AV, Van de Vondel, J, Palau, A, Charaev, I, Sidorova, M, Lombardi, F, Bauch, T, Feuillet-Palma, C, Stolyarov, V, Roditchev, D, Krasnov, VM, Hampel, B, Martínez-Pérez, MJ, Sesé, J, Koelle, D, Poletto, S, Bruno, A & Massarotti, D 2026, 'Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies', Superconductor Science & Technology, vol. 39, no. 2, 023502. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030

TY - JOUR

T1 - Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies

AU - Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr

AU - Suderow, Hermann

AU - Tafuri, Francesco

AU - Black-Schaffer, Annica M

AU - Lado, Jose L

AU - Sudbø, Asle

AU - Stornaioulo, Daniela

AU - Li, Chuan

AU - Böhmer, Anna E

AU - Tran, Lan Maria

AU - Zaleski, Andrzej J

AU - Crisan, Adrian

AU - Polichetti, Massimiliano

AU - Galluzzi, Armando

AU - Gencer, Ali

AU - Aichner, Bernd

AU - Barišić, Neven

AU - Lang, Wolfgang

AU - Samuely, Tomas

AU - Gmitra, Martin

AU - Cren, Tristan

AU - Calandra, Mateo

AU - Samuely, Peter

AU - Custers, Jeroen

AU - Córdoba, Rosa

AU - Fomin, Vladimir M

AU - Poccia, Nicola

AU - Szabó, Pavol

AU - Porrati, Fabrizio

AU - Kakazei, Gleb

AU - Aarts, Jan

AU - Robinson, Jason

AU - Villegas, Javier E

AU - Althammer, Matthias

AU - Huebl, Hans

AU - Kamra, Akashdeep

AU - Weiler, Mathias

AU - Dil, J Hugo

AU - Evtushinsky, Daniil

AU - Kalisky, Beena

AU - Anahory, Yonathan

AU - Bending, Simon

AU - Liljeroth, Peter

AU - Hassanien, Abdou

AU - Guillamón, Isabel

AU - Herrera, Edwin

AU - Silhanek, Alejandro V

AU - Van de Vondel, Joris

AU - Palau, Anna

AU - Charaev, Ilya

AU - Sidorova, Maria

AU - Lombardi, Floriana

AU - Bauch, Thilo

AU - Feuillet-Palma, Cheryl

AU - Stolyarov, Vasily

AU - Roditchev, Dimitri

AU - Krasnov, Vladimir M

AU - Hampel, Benedikt

AU - Martínez-Pérez, María José

AU - Sesé, Javier

AU - Koelle, Dieter

AU - Poletto, Stefano

AU - Bruno, Alessandro

AU - Massarotti, Davide

PY - 2026/2/13

Y1 - 2026/2/13

N2 - In 2025, the Year of Quantum Science and Technology (https://quantum2025.org/), we celebrate a century of quantum mechanics, witnessing a surge in activities that illuminate its inherent strangeness and drive technological innovation. Superconductivity, discovered 114 years ago, stands as a prime example, offering direct and compelling evidence of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Beyond its ability to conduct immense currents without loss, superconductivity reveals the quantum realm operating on a scale we can directly observe and manipulate. The macroscopic quantum coherence, where an ensemble of particles is described by a single wave function, leads to remarkable consequences: dissipation-less current and flux quantization—the basic properties exploited in superconducting quantum circuit fabrication. This Roadmap has been inspired by intensive discussions and collaborations emerging from the European Cooperation in Science & Technology COST-Action CA21144 (SuperQuMap—Superconducting Nanodevices and Quantum Materials for Coherent Manipulation). The aim of the COST Action SuperQuMap is to establish a strong European network centered on macroscopic quantum behavior in superconductors, bringing together groups of different backgrounds and more than 30 countries. The roadmap outlines the network’s concrete activities, driving advancements in superconductor-based quantum technologies and charting future directions. Spanning fundamental research to practical applications, the roadmap incorporates insights from industry partners developing quantum computation. It begins by exploring quantum materials, highlighting how topology and electronic correlations could catalyze a quantum leap in technology. We then delve into manipulating the superconducting phase, leveraging advancements in magnetism, 3D fabrication, and tunable correlations. Further, we showcase the advanced microscopy techniques—such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning probes—used to visualize quantum behavior. Finally, and crucially, we detail the quantum devices developed within the network, and their transformative impact on modern quantum computing approaches.

AB - In 2025, the Year of Quantum Science and Technology (https://quantum2025.org/), we celebrate a century of quantum mechanics, witnessing a surge in activities that illuminate its inherent strangeness and drive technological innovation. Superconductivity, discovered 114 years ago, stands as a prime example, offering direct and compelling evidence of macroscopic quantum phenomena. Beyond its ability to conduct immense currents without loss, superconductivity reveals the quantum realm operating on a scale we can directly observe and manipulate. The macroscopic quantum coherence, where an ensemble of particles is described by a single wave function, leads to remarkable consequences: dissipation-less current and flux quantization—the basic properties exploited in superconducting quantum circuit fabrication. This Roadmap has been inspired by intensive discussions and collaborations emerging from the European Cooperation in Science & Technology COST-Action CA21144 (SuperQuMap—Superconducting Nanodevices and Quantum Materials for Coherent Manipulation). The aim of the COST Action SuperQuMap is to establish a strong European network centered on macroscopic quantum behavior in superconductors, bringing together groups of different backgrounds and more than 30 countries. The roadmap outlines the network’s concrete activities, driving advancements in superconductor-based quantum technologies and charting future directions. Spanning fundamental research to practical applications, the roadmap incorporates insights from industry partners developing quantum computation. It begins by exploring quantum materials, highlighting how topology and electronic correlations could catalyze a quantum leap in technology. We then delve into manipulating the superconducting phase, leveraging advancements in magnetism, 3D fabrication, and tunable correlations. Further, we showcase the advanced microscopy techniques—such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning probes—used to visualize quantum behavior. Finally, and crucially, we detail the quantum devices developed within the network, and their transformative impact on modern quantum computing approaches.

KW - Quantum materials

KW - Quantum technologies

KW - Magnetic flux quanta

KW - Josephson devices

KW - Local probe techniques

KW - Topological superconductivity

KW - Superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids

KW - magnetic flux quanta

KW - quantum materials

KW - local probe techniques

KW - superconductor–ferromagnet hybrids

KW - topological superconductivity

KW - quantum technologies

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105033876566

U2 - 10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030

DO - 10.1088/1361-6668/ae3030

M3 - Review

SN - 0953-2048

VL - 39

JO - Superconductor Science & Technology

JF - Superconductor Science & Technology

IS - 2

M1 - 023502

ER -

Roadmap on nanoscale superconductivity for quantum technologies

Abstract

Funding

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

Keywords

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