Robust analytical methods for the accurate quantification of the total biomass composition of mammalian cells

Diana Széliová (Corresponding author), Harald Schoeny, Špela Knez, Christina Troyer, Cristina Coman, Evelyn Rampler, Gunda Koellensperger, Robert Ahrends, Stephen Hann, Nicole Borth, Jürgen Zanghellini, David E. Ruckerbauer (Corresponding author)

Publications: Contribution to bookChapterPeer Reviewed

Abstract

Biomass composition is an important input for genome-scale metabolic models and has a big impact on their predictive capabilities. However, researchers often rely on generic data for biomass composition, e.g. collected from similar organisms. This leads to inaccurate predictions, because biomass composition varies between different cell lines, conditions, and growth phases. In this chapter we present protocols for the determination of the biomass composition of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. These methods can easily be adapted to other types of mammalian cells. The protocols include the quantification of cell dry mass and of the main biomass components, namely protein, lipid, DNA, RNA, and carbohydrates. Cell dry mass is determined gravimetrically by weighing a defined number of cells. Amino acid composition and protein content are measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Lipids are quantified by shotgun mass spectrometry, which provides quantities for the different lipid classes and also the distribution of fatty acids. RNA is purified and then quantified spectrophotometrically. The methods for DNA and carbohydrates are simple fluorometric and colorimetric assays adapted to a 96-well plate format. To ensure quantitative results, internal standards or spike-in controls are used in all methods, e.g. to account for possible matrix effects or loss of material. Finally, the last section provides a guide on how to convert the measured data into biomass equations, which can then be integrated into a metabolic model.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationMETABOLIC FLUX ANALYSIS IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Subtitle of host publicationMETHODS AND PROTOCOLS
EditorsD. Nagrath
PublisherHumana Press, Inc.
Pages119-160
Number of pages42
ISBN (Electronic)978-1-0716-0159-4
ISBN (Print)978-1-0716-0158-7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2020

Publication series

SeriesMethods in Molecular Biology
Volume2088
ISSN1064-3745

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

  • 106023 Molecular biology
  • 106002 Biochemistry

Keywords

  • Amino acids
  • Biomass composition
  • Carbohydrates
  • Chinese Hamster Ovary cells
  • DNA
  • Lipids
  • RNA

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