Stopover territoriality in songbirds crossing the Sahara: aggression and energetics during migration

Armando Alberto Aispuro (Corresponding author), Virginie Canoine, Marc Illa, Leonida Fusani, Ivan Maggini

Publications: Contribution to journalArticlePeer Reviewed

Abstract

Stopover territoriality, i.e., the defense and broadcast of an ephemeral home range during avian migration, is rare or perhaps overlooked. However, settling on a territory may allow for easier access to resources and therefore promote faster refueling despite the added costs of territory defense. We examined the occurrence of stopover territoriality and its relationship to body condition and refueling rates. We color-ringed Western Subalpine Warblers (Curruca iberiae) mapped their home ranges and measured associated habitat characteristics during a spring stopover in the Sahara. We simulated territory intrusions via song playback to quantify territorial behavior. Males aggressively defended and broadcasted their stopover territories in response to intruders. Initial body condition in males was negatively related to home range vegetation density, suggesting that males in higher condition are selective for certain territory features. Low vegetation density does not support habitat selection for foraging, but perhaps does support social monitoring or predator vigilance as its functions. Fuel deposition rates in recaptured males were unrelated to home range habitat characteristics. Female Subalpine Warblers did not use repeated home ranges yet had similar refueling rates, body conditions, and stopover durations as territorial males. Therefore, while stopover territories were selected based on body condition, territory characteristics did not influence refueling rates. Subalpine Warblers expressed reduced migratory characteristics, making prolonged stopovers of up to 27 days with low refueling rates but maintaining body condition while defending territories. These results suggest that some individuals are staging for non-energetic reasons, such as pre-breeding preparations, or transitioning between a migratory and a breeding life history stage.
Original languageEnglish
Article number57
JournalBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Volume77
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 24 May 2023

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

  • 106051 Behavioural biology

Keywords

  • Body condition
  • Fuel deposition rate
  • Habitat selection
  • Home range
  • Life history stage
  • Staging

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