The gabbro-diorite magmatism from the Narm area, western Kuh-e-Sarhangi (Central Iran): Evolution from Eocene magmatic flare up to Miocene asthenosphere upwelling

Geodynamically, the Kashmar-Kerman Tectonic Zone (KKTZ) is one of the most perplexing tectonomagmatic belts of the Central Iran Microcontinent (CIM), comprising two important districts, Bafq and Kuh-e-Sarhangi. The Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian granitoids, metamorphic rocks, and mildly metamorphosed volcansedimentary sequences are the oldest geologic outcrops in the Narm area, which is located in the western part of Kuh-e-Sarhangi. Alkaline gabbro-diorites with relatively high contents of K ₂O (1.99–3.03 wt%) and Na ₂O (2.7–5.99 wt%) are among the youngest intrusive rocks in the area, representing a within-plate provenience. These rocks were emplaced into Paleozoic sedimentary units as mafic-intermediate stocks, sills and dykes. Geochemically, these rocks could have resulted directly from partial melting (e.g., FeOT/MgO>1, Nb/La>0.5) with no considerable indication of assimilation with crustal materials (e.g., Ti/Zr > 30, Ti/Y > 200). Assimilation and fractional crystallization cannot account for magma evolution of gabbro-diorite rocks in the Narm area, using rare earth element ratios and geochemical models. There are also some geochemical signatures of an asthenospheric origin for the Narm gabbro-diorite rocks, such as the low ratios of La/Nb (1.5) and La/Ta (22). U–Pb zircon ages show that the Narm gabbro-diorites formed during two major episodes of magmatism in Central Iran: 40.3 ± 0.1 Ma in the Late Eocene (Bartonian) for gabbroic units and 8.04 ± 0.05 and 7.86 ± 0.05 in the late Miocene (Tartonian) for diorite stocks and diorite sills, respectively. Despite a time difference of more than thirty million years, geochemical similarities between the Eocene gabbro rocks and the Miocene diorite from the Narm area are striking. It is proposed that the best scenarios for the west of Kuh-e-Sarhangi mafic-intermediate magmatic pulses along with the deep faults of the Central Iran, are an Eocene magmatic flare up and a Miocene asthenosphere upwelling. Temporally and spatially, these rocks are comparable to the Cenozoic alkaline intrusive rocks of the Bafq region.